In this example, the mkdir command creates a new directory named build. Here is an example, assuming you’re in the directory where you want to generate the build files: r mkdibuild This is done by running the CMake command in a separate directory where you want the build files to be generated, often called a build directory. The third line tells CMake to build an executable named HelloWorld from the source file helloworld.cpp.Ĭonfiguring and Generating Build Files with CMakeĪfter writing the CMakeLists.txt file, the next step is to configure and generate build files with CMake.The second line sets the project name to HelloWorld.The first line indicates that the minimum required version of CMake to build this project is 3.10.Here is a simple example: cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)Īdd_executable(HelloWorld helloworld.cpp) This command tells CMake to generate a build rule for an executable program. Next, you will want to add an executable with the add_executable command. After this, you can use the project command to define the name of your project. The first line should specify the minimum version of CMake that’s required to build your project. This file will contain all the instructions CMake needs to build your project. Within this directory, create a new text file named CMakeLists.txt. Start by creating a new directory for your project. On Ubuntu, you can install them using the following commands:Īpt install cmake Writing the Initial CMakeLists.txt Note: Please ensure you have make and C++ compiler installed on your system. Now that we’ve covered some basic concepts, let’s see how to create your first CMake project. Understanding how these commands work and when to use them is key to successfully managing your build process with CMake. Some of the most common CMake commands include add_executable, add_library, target_link_libraries, and find_package.Įach command in CMake has a specific purpose and syntax. These commands do everything from defining variables, adding targets, specifying build rules, to locating libraries and headers. CMake CommandsĬMake language is made up of commands. These include variables to represent the source and binary directories of your project, platform-specific variables, and more. Variables can store strings, lists, or boolean values.ĬMake also provides a number of predefined variables that you can use in your CMakeLists.txt files. They can be defined using the set command and referenced by enclosing their name in $. Variables in CMake are used to store and manipulate information. When CMake is run, it processes the CMakeLists.txt files in the order they appear, starting from the root directory. The CMakeLists.txt file is organized hierarchically, meaning each directory in your project can contain its own CMakeLists.txt file. It is a script written in the CMake language, and it specifies how sources and libraries are to be built. This is where all the project’s build instructions are defined. Basic Concepts of CMake for Beginners CMakeLists.txtĪt the heart of any CMake project is the CMakeLists.txt file. This eliminates the need for maintaining separate build scripts for each platform, reducing the potential for errors and inconsistencies. One of the main advantages of using CMake is that it allows developers to write a set of directives once and then generate the appropriate build scripts for their specific environment. This makes CMake a versatile tool that can be used in diverse development environments. Instead, it generates build scripts in various formats, including Unix makefiles and project files for integrated development environments (IDEs) like Microsoft Visual Studio and Xcode. Unlike traditional build systems, CMake does not build the software directly. It was created to support complex directory hierarchies and applications that depend on several libraries. It is a tool designed to manage the build process of software using compiler-independent methods.
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